WHAT
ARE THE CAUSES OF DEPRESSION?
The causes of depression can be
difficult to pinpoint. Since more than one factor contributes to the onset of
depression in most people, it is almost impossible to say exactly what caused
depression in any one person. Depression is not like the flu, where a certain
virus is the cause. There are a lot of factors that appear to contribute to
depression, and perhaps a group of factors is responsible for causing
depression when they come together in a certain way. Many people have a genetic
predisposition to depression, but even that in itself does not necessarily mean
a person will become depressed. Other factors come into play as well.
Genetics
and Depression
Several chemicals in the brain
regulate mood and emotions. Known as neurotransmitters, these chemicals include
serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Some people have lower levels of these
chemicals available. In depression that is biologically or genetically based, depression
symptoms are the result of depleted levels of neurotransmitters. A person who
is genetically prone to depression may experience a quick downward spiral when
something triggers a low mood. When neurotransmitters levels drop, behavior and
thought patterns are affected. This can also happen the other way around; that
is, depressive behaviors and negative thoughts can lower levels of
neurotransmitters. In this way, depression can literally change brain chemistry
and become a biological condition over time if it is not treated. When
depression takes hold in this way, at least a short course of medication is
often the only way to treat it. However, it is sometimes possible to recognize
symptoms of depression and treat the condition naturally before it gets this
severe.
Developmental
causes of Depression
Some cases of depression are
triggered by traumatic early experiences, such as being abused, abandoned or
neglected in childhood. The theory behind developmental depression is that it
is caused by an insecure upbringing that did not allow a person to grow into a
happy, confident adult. The result can be a sense of sadness and loss in
adulthood. People with developmental depression may be insecure and feel
worthless. They may also have difficulty achieving what they want to accomplish
in life or even setting goals in the first place.
Situational
Depression
Situations such as the death of a
loved one, the loss of a job or a life-threatening illness can also cause or
contribute to depression. While everyone feels down when bad things happen,
situational depression can become full-blown clinical depression in certain
cases. If a person is biologically prone to depression or has inadequate
support or coping skills, he or she may not be able to recover from a stressful
situation and may instead become clinically depressed.
Causes
of Major Depression
“Major depression” is the term
used to describe a severe and debilitating case of depression. Major depression
significantly affects a person’s ability to function, and it almost always
requires professional, medical intervention. Biology is most likely to be at
least partly the cause of major depression, though the condition can be
triggered by something else, such as trauma or loss.
Solving
the Mystery of Depression
The cause of depression may not
be obvious until it is treated. Often a depression treatment that works for one
person may not work for another, and that’s because each case of depression has
a unique set of causes. If medication works, the depression has a biological component.
If counseling works, there may be a behavioral cause or a problem with thinking
patterns. If a change in diet helps, some aspect of the depression may have
been caused by a nutritional deficiency. If finding a better job after being
fired turns depression around, the cause of the depression was most likely
situational.
In the end,
knowing what causes depression may not be as important as knowing how to treat
it. You can find out more about how to treat specific depression causes in “End Your Depression.” The
guide provides a variety of options for treatment from which you can develop a
targeted plan that works in your own unique case.
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